Do It Publicly Essays - Murder Of Scott Amedure,

Do It Publicly With talk shows ruling day-time television, people are left with little choice but to watch this humiliating form of entertainment. Turn the television on in the afternoon and you will find a large variety of talk shows to choose from. "Maybe we have become a nation addicted to hearing our neighbors' seamy personal problems"(You 40). Personally, I feel it is both the lack of choice and the attraction to other peoples problems. Many of the topics on talk shows are degrading to our society. If person came to America for the first time and watched television, they would probably see a talk show. The model a talk show would give of American society is horrifying. For example, a common talk show topic is teens having multiple sex partners at young ages. However, not all teens are sexually active at such a young age. For this reason talk shows are misleading not only to foreigners but to children and young adults who are learning about morals and our society. In a letter to the corporate CEO's distributing these programs, William Bennett and Senator Joseph Lieberman asked: "Would you want your young children to view a program showcasing the sexual adventures of a 14-year-old girl who married her 71-year-old foster father"(Flint and Wharton). To those who do not tune into these shows this discription may sound like an exaggeration; however, it is not. This is exactly the type of topics on some shows. Not only are half the shows ridiculous with topics of deceit, revenge and "extreme behavior", but some of them are false(Flint and Wharton). On the Jerry Springer Show a Canadian comedy troupe went on the show and created a story. The story was that one of the men had an affair with his baby-sitter. After the show appeared on television, the troupe members went to the press saying how they deceived the program and its audience(You 52). Some people will do anything to be on television. Some shows trick people into situations. The Jenny Jones show has had several episode entitled "Secret Crush". In these episode secret admirers are revealed to her guests. In some cases her guests are displeased with their secret admirer. I can remember one episode that I watched. A woman was surprised by a man who had a secret crush on her. She was very disturbed when she realized who he was. She proceeded to tell Jenny that this man was insane and was pursuing her. This could have been avoided if the woman was t old who the secret admirer was before the show. However, if this was done the show would not be as interesting. In another incident, one of Jenny's guests confronted a secert crush, and it led to tragedy. Amedure, a male guest had a crush on Johnathan Schmitz, another male. Amedure surprised Schmitz with his feelings on the show; however, Schmitz was expecting a woman, from the impression he was given by the shows producers. Schmitz said he was publicly embarrassed when Amedure revealed on national television that he had a "gay crush" on him. After the show Jonathan Schmitz was charged with the murder of Amedure. Schmitz shot Amedure and killed him(You 52). In some shows the guests are not informed of the topic, and they end up being embarrassed by a ridiculous topic. This is wrong because these people with their loved ones or friends sometimes involved are mislead and sometimes humiliated on national television by the producers. Even though the guests agree to appear on the shows because they wanted to, some regret it after the show (You 40). Therefore, we can not pose the guests as helpless victims because they are adults. Also, if they have seen a talk show before they went on one, they would know what they were getting themselves into. In my opinion there are just too many talk shows. According to Larry Pollock there are 32 talk shows on television right now(Flint and Wharton). There are a few talk shows that are conscientious and have very interesting and educational topics. For example Oprah Winfrey and Maury Povich are two shows that have many rewarding topics such as family reunions. They also have educational

Compare The Elements of Supranationalism and Intergovernmentalism †Government Essay

Compare The Elements of Supranationalism and Intergovernmentalism – Government Essay Free Online Research Papers Compare The Elements of Supranationalism and Intergovernmentalism Government Essay Both terms which I am going to analyse and compare in this essay Intergovernmentalism and Supranationalism belong amongst the key concepts related to the talks about the nature of EU integration. In the beginning I feel it is necessary to start with brief definitions of these terms as they are described by one of my sources, Neill Nugent. In one of his books he refers to Intergovernmentalism as â€Å"arrangements whereby nation states, in situations and conditions they can control, cooperate with one another on matters of common interest. The existence of control, which allows all participating states to decide the extent and nature of this cooperation means that national sovereignty is not directly undermined.† His definition of Supranationalism is following : â€Å"Supranationalism involves states working with one another in a manner that does not allow them to retain complete control over developments. That is, states may be obliged to do things against their preferences and their will because they do not have the power to stop decisions. Supranationalism thus takes inter-state relation beyond cooperation into integration, and involves some loss of national sovereignty.† The aim of my essay is to compare the key elements of above mentioned terms, but I am also going to argue with one part of both mentioned definitions. I am going to argue that it is not necessary the loss of national sovereignty which is at stake in supranational concept, but rather a loss of autonomy. Due to the fact that the concept of national sovereignty is part of both definitions and therefore the question of its loss vs. preservation can be considered one of the main distinguishing elements between intergovernmental and supranational approach I feel it is necessary to start the discussion with this argument. First, if we understand the sovereignty as a characteristic feature of every state where â€Å"the state stands above all other associations and groups within its geographical area and its jurisdiction extends to the whole population of the (state’s) area† we can not argue, in my opinion, that during the process of integration states loose any of these elements. Neither does the state cease to stand above groups and associations within its area , nor does its jurisdiction stop to extend to the whole population of its territory. Rather, I want to argue, the process of integration involves additional institutions which can share the influence on the associations, groups and individuals existing within the area of the state but they do not stop the state to stand above them as a sovereign on its territory. Moreover, the integration process in the judicial area does not stop the state’s jurisdiction to extend to the whole of its population. I agree that the legal su premacy of the EU law has a significant influence on legal systems in EU member countries and that it can result in such outcomes as e.g. state legislatives being prevented from introducing certain national laws which they desire, but in my point of view, it does not interfere with the definition of sovereignty as it was described above. I am trying to argue that it is an autonomy as â€Å"an ability to make decisions without the informal influence of other subjects† or as â€Å"a degree of political independence possessed by territorial division† which is at stake in the process of integration. Second, I want to argue with Nugent’s statement that â€Å"no modern state can now be regarded as being fully sovereign in de facto sense, and the EU member states cannot even claim that they are fully sovereign in de jure sense.† In fact, I think this statement interferes with his own definition of sovereignty as it is described in my first argument. In my opinion, it is again autonomy what modern states are lacking in recent history and times of closer integration and globalisation. To support my argument, I am agreeing with Tokar’s statement that â€Å"according to international standards formally sovereign is even a small and economically unimportant state† and with Rosamond who says that â€Å"Sovereignty is about absolutes: states either have it or they do not. () the present international system is founded on the principle of sovereign statehood.† Basically, every existing internationally recognized state is sovereign in a sense that it pos sesses four key characteristics of the state territoriality, sovereignty, legitimacy and monopoly of governance within its territorial area. But, not every state, especially not a small and economically unimportant state, possesses the same amount of autonomy (as described in the first argument) to make important decisions without both, formal and informal influence coming from outside its territory. Third, and this is my last argument concerned with autonomy vs. sovereignty, the loss of sovereignty of any state requires changes of the statehood (e.g. existing state can join with another state and form a new one either unitary of federative state; existing state can disintegrate and form two or more new sovereign, independent states; or a nation can be successful in claiming its right to self-determination and if recognized by other states it can evolve into formation of a new sovereign state) while loss of autonomy is a process where states remain formally sovereign but they gradually experience impotence to make certain decisions independently from other (usually higher, supranational) influence. And this is, I want to argue, the case that occurs during the process of European integration. Now that I have explained how I view the concept of sovereignty as one of the key elements of both, intergovernmental as well as supranational approach, I can begin to compare their key characteristics. When studying integrational theories and their character, one can find a clear division between how the two above mentioned approaches view certain processes and situations. The main differences occur in the following areas: who they consider to be the key actors of integration question of possession of power how they view EU what character of decision making they prefer types of politics they focus on how they view the relationship between politics and economics how they approach the question of sovereignty Those who support intergovernmentalism consider key actors to be nation states and their governments while supranationalist supporters argue that it is supranational organizations and their institutions who represent it. This attitude is also connected to the question of possession of power. While intergovermentalists see the power (especially decision-making power) as a possession of member states, supranationalists view the EU as a quasi-state where member state governments still have the power but they decided to and therefore must share it with other actors. While in the first case independent appointees of governments have solely advisory or implementational functions, in supranational organization the power is held by representatives elected by the legislatives or by the people of member states and states have no power to stop their decisions. This is conjoined with the way these two approaches view the EU one as a sort of international organisation and the other as quasi-state. As to the character of reaching decisions, intergovernmentalist approach favours decision-making by unanimity while supranationalist approach strongly supports majority voting arguing that where decisions must be made by different governments acting unanimously it could take years to reach some decisions (if reached at all). In the sphere of politics, intergovernmentalists make a distinction between â€Å"low† and â€Å"high† politics arguing that it is possible for governments to cooperate in areas of â€Å"low† politics, while area of â€Å"high† politics including issues of key importance where national interests are at stake makes it difficult for governments to agree on integration. On the other hand, supporters of supranationalist approach focus on areas of â€Å"low† politics only. With regard to the relationship between politics and economics, intergovernmental approach presents the idea of economics and politics being relatively autonomous fields and therefore concludes that economical integration doesn’t necessary cause political integration. On the contrary, supranationalists came with the idea of â€Å"spillover† by which they explain their assumption that economic integration creates a pressure for integration in other sectors (one of which is political sector) and therefore they argue that politics follows economics. The last important comparison is how the two approaches view the question of sovereignty (autonomy). While supporters of intergovernmentalism argue that EU integration should only involve pooling of sovereignty (not giving up some part of it) which strengthens the nation state and that supranationalism is a threat to national sovereignty and democracy claiming that only national governments should possess the necessary democratic legitimacy, supporters of supranationalism do not fear the loss of sovereignty (autonomy). In fact, they support the idea that states should voluntarily give up some of their sovereignty and pass it onto collective institutions in return for many gains, prosperity and collective strength that such integration provides. Despite of all above mentioned differences, there is no single solution which would indicate that only one of these approaches would be more appropriate than the other when speaking about the process of ongoing European integration. In fact, the uniqueness of EU lies in the fact that it embodies both supranational as well as intergovernmental features in its system of governance and that it considers both of these approaches as important for its functioning. This reflects in EU having both types of institutions involved supranationally organised Commission, Parliament and the Court of Justice and their intergovernmnetally based counterparts such as European Council and Council of Ministers. As history has proved the balance should remain at least until the time when different states will be able to reach a consensus in the question of the direction which the future EU should betake. Reading and Comprehension 1. This essay doesn’t have a very clear structure. To improve it put the following headings where you think it is more appropriate. Introduction (Context, Hypothesis and Essay Plan) Body or supporting paragraphs (Suggest some subtitles your self) Conclusion (Statement of Argument and Implications) 2. Is the writer using footnotes, quotations or citations? Find examples. How are they introduced in the text? 3. What are the arguments and counter arguments in this essay? 4. What are the weaknesses and the strengths of this essay? (Imagine you are the teacher). Research Papers on Compare The Elements of Supranationalism and Intergovernmentalism - Government EssayPETSTEL analysis of IndiaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationResearch Process Part OneUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Global warming - Research Paper Example This document will examine how human beings are contributing to global warming. There have been many studies on the topic of global warming, but experts say that humans are the cause for the drastic climate changed going on around the world due to resource consumption, resource disposal, and population growth. According to Watts (2007), human activities have influenced the atmospheric temperatures across the globe. The rising global temperatures have become an issue of concern due to the impact it has on animal and plant lives across the globe. Increasing human population has resulted to increase in consumption and generation of materials and all contribute to global warming (Casper, 2009). The climate change has affected the activities of human by changing the land use and human struggle to reverse the situation. The understanding of how man has contributed to global warming can be gained by considering the impact of the human population, consumption and disposal of waste influence the atmospheric temperatures (Watts, 2007). Also, the knowledge is essential because it can direct organizations and the states to design policies that can regulate human activities hence reducing global warming. According to Casper (2009), there is an increasing global demand for energy and other commodities both processed and unprocessed goods. Developed nations are the major consumers of fossil fuels hence they are leading in greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the United States has about five percent of the world population but contributes about twenty five percent of carbon emissions in the globe (Murtaugh & Schlax, 2009). Murtaugh and Schlax (2009) further argues that the United Nations Population Fund suggested that, by the year 2050, the world growing economies such as India and china will contribute more than fifty percent of the carbon emissions. The level of emission of greenhouse gas

Natures deadliest animals in brazil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Natures deadliest animals in brazil - Essay Example ul research shows, however, that nature’s deadliest animals in Brazil are much more dangerous to other animals in their habitat, than to human beings. One of the creatures that is the most deadly in Brazil is a relatively common fish called the piranha. It is usually quite small, between 15 cm and 26 cm in length and it is very plentiful in the Amazon region. (St Louis and Chandler, p. 111) Its normal behavior is to scavenge for food from dead fish, plants and insects in the river and so it plays a useful role in cleaning up the environment. People very rarely are attacked by piranha but when a large mammal is attacked, it can be extremely shocking, since the piranha come in great numbers and nibble at the body. The reputation of this fish is actually much worse than its real nature, because it usually avoids human beings and concentrates on smaller prey. Only one particular situation can be very dangerous for humans, and that occurs when the river is low. Piranhas can get trapped in tributaries or lakes that get cut off from the main river. This means that their food supply disappears and in that case they will attack almost anyt hing because they are desperate for food. It is noted that â€Å"confirmed accounts of human fatalities caused by piranhas are extremely few, but plenty of Amazonian river folks have scars or missing fingers to testify just how sharp and vicious those little triangular teeth can be.† (St Louis and Chandler, p. 104) Many people are afraid of another small creature, which is technically an insect rather than an animal, namely the spider. In Brazil there are several species of the biggest spiders of all: tarantulas. These include the Brazilian yellowbanded, the Brazilian salmon, the Brazilian black and the Brazilian graysmoke, as well as many others which are common across the South American continent (Tarantula facts website). The way that tarantulas capture and kill their prey is quite disgusting from a human point of view, but

Specialty Demos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Specialty Demos - Essay Example The patient information comes from different areas of care including laboratory investigations, diagnosis, pharmaceutical and nursing services. As a result, the data entry in an oncology EHR can be done and accessed by only the medics, pharmacists, laboratory technicians, and nurses within a given setting of care. Thus, it is a hospital system that combines multiple systems from different departments making the clinical documentation complex. On the contrary, the NextGen Ambulatory EHR is designed for use in ambulatory settings (www.nextgen.com). It is an ongoing collection of patient medical records of care over an extended period for the disease management and prevention. The patient information is internal to the practice as opposed to the oncology hospital EHR where many people share information. In addition, the NextGen Ambulatory EHR is web-based, does not require accreditation to be adopted and can be accessed anywhere. Despite the differences, some aspects such as privacy and security standards are required for both the HER

Purpose of Advertising

Purpose of Advertising 1. Introduction Advertising no doubt is a broad topic (lyer, Soberman, and Villas-Boas, 2005) it is one of the most important decisions that marketers make. Burd (1959) Advertising is one of the most proficient and the most economical aid in the distribution and marketing of merchandise or service. Advertising is either in written or oral form, which intends to sell something and want to earn revenue. Jayasinghi Ritson (2008) Advertising includes all major communication mediums which include: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, the Internet, movies, and billboards through which that message is transmitted. Television is the most common medium as it covers large but at the same time it is very costly. Advertising is generally aimed at consumer reminiscence who is being engaged with certain type of ads where the purpose of marketers is to create awareness and Brand/ Product recall and recognition later in consumer minds. Sometimes when you look at advertisement you will easily recall it may be it is in your subconscious mind or because of the celebrity or the background music that appeals you and sometimes you won’t be able to recall what you have seen just few minutes ago (Obermiller, Spangenberg, 2005; MacLauchlan, 2005.). An advertising objective may be to change the mind-set of the customers. Advertising has a great role when a business that has a bad reputation and has lost his/her customers can use advertising to get them back (Burd,1959). Pechpeyrou Odou (2012) hence, Advertising plays a central role in not only providing information about the product or service but also creating awareness and recognition of the product/service in consumer mind. Types Purpose of Advertising McDaniel, 1986. Advertising has many forms; few of them are given below. However for the purpose of thesis the focus will be on consumer advertising. Consumer Advertising It is a type of advertising that targeted at end consumers. All the offering and services are for the end consumers. Consumer advertising includes common commodities and what we usually find around us is all what comes under consumer advertising. The major aim of consumer advertising is to create awareness of brands and products that are of consumer use. In such sort of advertising emotional and rational appeal plays a vital role. Trade Advertising Trade advertising is also known as business/ professional advertising. This type of advertisement is not for consumers but for all those who influence the consumer like distributors, resellers or businesses. Medium for such sort of advertising is professional magazines and direct mail which do not involve end consumers. Product Advertising This sort of advertising communicates the promotion of the product. They push the consumers to purchase the product. Its major aim is to create brand awareness. Once awareness is created people tend to buy their product. Non-Product Advertising Non-product related advertisings includes surrogate advertising in it. Non product advertising depicts an idea or a cause. Short term and long Term Advertising There are two types of advertising one is short term and other is long term. The short term advertising has a direct impact on the product sales. Its aim is to increase sales, maximize revenues and create awareness. On the other hand the long term advertising focuses to maintain long term relations and customer loyalty. Consumer Skepticism: Definition of skepticism revolves around the questioning of the attitude towards the knowledge and opinion. Skepticism towards advertising is the distrust of advertising claims or promises and signifies a general market place that varies across persons. Hardesty, Carlson, 2002; Bearden 2002. The effect that consumer skepticism has on advertising can be figure out through consumer response. Brands need to overcome massive stages of skepticism for consumers. In our society there prevails lot of mistrust and loyalty. Consumers can learn a lot from advertising and marketing. Skeptic consumers are quite unsatisfied hence research recommends that delivering enough information to consumers will lead to building trust and satisfaction, once that trust is created it will results in increase sales and profitability. Obermiller, Spangenberg 2005; MacLachlan 2005. Milk Industry Pakistan is the fifth largest milk producer. Pakistan dairy industry is one of the most vital sectors that is contributing almost 11 percent into the GDP. Dairy industry is swayed by number of factors that are size, growth and profitability. (Dawn newspaper; 2014). According to live stock census 2007, almost 80 percent of the milk is taken from the rural areas. Only 3-5 percent of the milk is marketed and distributed formally. 97 percent of the milk produced in Pakistan is distributed in loose form (Jalil, Sial and Hussain, 2009) .The role of livestock in the rural economy is very critical as farmers and villagers consume loose milk. They don’t prefer milk that is packaged. Whereas in urban areas people consume loose milk as well as packaged milk. Packaged milk has made the life of urban people easier as they are busy in their work so this packaged milk reduces the time of hassle to boil and utilize it. Buffaloes are considered to be the main animal in Pakistan that accounts f or 75 percent of milk. Milk sources are cows, buffaloes and goats and the types of milk available is standardized, homogenized and skimmed. Milk is used for many purposes that is drinking, tea, desi ghee, yogurt, butter and in the making of many sweet dishes. As the inflation is increasing rapidly hence the milk prices are also raising quickly. In a very short span milk prices has shown a rapid increase of 25 percent. As the people are becoming aware of processed and packaged milk they are buying them and are not consuming loose milk that is delivered by gawallas. Milk and its foodstuffs provide almost one third of world’s intake of animal protein. Milk and its foodstuffs represent almost 27 percent of total family expenditures on foodstuff in Pakistan. Milk Per capita availability is 82.4 kg per annum in Pakistan. During 1999-2000 roughly 80 thousand tons of dry milk that is PKR 1213.5 million was imported to Pakistan in order to meet local demands of milk. (FAO, 1998). Pakistan dairy industry is in trouble now a days because of lack of commercial dairy farms, lack of dairy knowledge and due to lack of financial resources. In rural areas very few shopkeepers have facility of refrigeration. The containers that are used for transportation are very unhygienic. Almost 90 percent and above population consumes loose milk and hence the demand of loose milk is higher than the packaged milk. Also because of inflation and poverty level people are quite conscious about prices. (Jalil, Sial and Hussain, 2009) Packaged milk is in demand widely. [1]Mostly packaged milk is used in homes and powder dry milk is used in offices for the purpose of making tea. Global Milk production ranking of 5 top countries is given in table 1[2] Countries Milk Production India 92 Billion litre / annual USA 78 Billion litre / annual Russia 34 Billion litre / annual Pakistan 33 Billion litre / annual Germany 29 Billion litre / annual Table 1 Global milk production ranking of top 5 countries Name of all the species that are the source of milk are listed below. Moreover Population, milk production and milk consumption of 2011-2013 based on National Livestock Census are given in Table 1.1 Species Population(Million) Milk Production (Million tons) HumanMilk Consumption Cattle 36.9 16.74 13.39 Buffallo 32.7 29.56 23.65 Sheep 28.4 0.03 0.03 Goat 63.1 0.77 0.77 Camel 1.0 0.82 0.82 Total 162.1 47.95 38.69 Nestle: Nestle is one of the largest food and nutrition company in the world. Nestle is derived from the Swiss German word which means little nest. It is the fifth largest company in the world. Currently it is present in more than 88 countries and has more than 522 factories. More than 700 products are produced under the umbrella brand of Nestle. Nestle was established in 1867 by Henri Nestle. Different brands of Nestle are Baby foods, Bottled water, Cereals, Chocolates and confectionaries, Coffee, Ambient dairy, Chilled Dairy, Drinks, Health care nutrition, Culinary and food, Ice cream, Pet care, Sports nutrition and Wealth management. Nestle is a world renowned company. The company is taking milk from number of farmers and then process it further. Nestle Everyday is made from pure fresh milk sugar and Lecithin. In 2011 the company has sourced more than 7.2 million tons of fresh milk from different milk districts in 31 countries widely. The company basically deals in food products as the logo states that â€Å"Good food, Good life â€Å". List of different milks that are under the umbrella brand of Nestle are given in Table 1.2 Milk Sku’s Nestle Milk Pak UHT 1000, 500, 250 ml Nestle Everyday 1000,400,200ml Nestle Nido 1000,400,200ml Nestle Nesvita 1000, 200ml Nestle Flavored Milk 250ml Table 1.2 Nestle milk and Sku’s I have chosen the product Nestle Everyday tea whitener for the purpose of research thesis. It is the forerunner of tea creaming in Pakistan. Its different taste and pleasant aroma is the reason of its success. Everyday makes a perfect cup of tea for you. It is one of the best brands that provides taste and quality at affordable prices. It has number of Sku’s that customer choose according to their needs and wants. Every day is available in both liquid and dry forms. Liquid milk is consumed mostly at home whereas dry powdered milk is used widely in offices. References [1] http://www.pakissan.com/english/allabout/livestock/dairy/dairy.industries.in.pakistan.shtml [2]http://www.slideshare.net/hassankh/powder-milk-industry-in-pakistan?related=1 3http://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/milk-production-system-in-periurban-areas-of-lahore-economics-essay.php 4http://www.bignerds.com/papers/72338/Dairy-Industry-In-Pakistan/

ICT Systems and Business :: ICT Essays

ICT Systems and Business Use of computers has brought profound change to business. The electronic office is an obvious example. In this, every desk in a business is likely to have a computer. The computers will be networked and have communications facilities. The work done in offices is usually; * receipt, * processing, * storage, * despatch Computers and ICT systems can do these things more efficiently and faster than manual systems. Businesses now advertise FAX numbers and email addresses prominently. This affects the number of letters sent by post but FAX and email cannot completely replace the postal service as original, hard-copy letters are still needed for legal reasons. Products can be ordered on-line via the internet and most businesses now have their own website. Electronic Data Interchange is used to send orders, pay invoices and transfer information generally. Employees are paid using electronic funds transfer. ICT AND MANUFACTURING Many industries now use Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAM), eg. cars are manufactured by robot welders and paint sprayers, Benetton manufactures clothes more quickly using CAD-CAM. The quality of computer-manufactured articles is more consistent and better, leading to greater productivity and reliability. Working conditions are often cleaner and safer. There may be shorter working hours but this could mean more reduncancies or redeployment. Skilled workers have seen their skills made redundant by CAM. Companies must modernise to remain competative and viable; if non-viable then there may be even more job losses. Use of computers has created a range of new jobs; * hardware manufacture, * sales, * servicing, * technical support (call centres) * consultancy. New products manufactured due to computers; * mobile phones, * CDs and DVDs * videos * satellite receivers, * video cameras, * digital cameras ICT AND COMMERCE The number of banking transactions is now so huge they could not be carried out without computers: * electronic transfer of funds, * elctronic payroll * ATM transactions, * credit/debit card transactions * home banking. There is a movement towards the cashless society. Our shopping habits have changed due to ICT; * digital TV shopping channels, * internet shopping. Supermarkets offer loyalty cards to encourage customers to shop at their stores. All records are stored on computer and the store can gain useful demographic information. Computerised stock control using barcodes is used by many shops. Supermarkets have grown bigger at the expense of the corner shop. The use of phone cards has resulted in less theft from call boxes. Internet shopping is increasing and lead to the growth of internet only companies, eg. ebay.com, and internet only banks, eg. cahoot. Security is a problem for companies and the system is open to credit card fraud especially for services, eg. payment for a subscription-only service. Internet shopping has lead to companies closing their retail outlets and consequent loss of jobs, eg. ICT Systems and Business :: ICT Essays ICT Systems and Business Use of computers has brought profound change to business. The electronic office is an obvious example. In this, every desk in a business is likely to have a computer. The computers will be networked and have communications facilities. The work done in offices is usually; * receipt, * processing, * storage, * despatch Computers and ICT systems can do these things more efficiently and faster than manual systems. Businesses now advertise FAX numbers and email addresses prominently. This affects the number of letters sent by post but FAX and email cannot completely replace the postal service as original, hard-copy letters are still needed for legal reasons. Products can be ordered on-line via the internet and most businesses now have their own website. Electronic Data Interchange is used to send orders, pay invoices and transfer information generally. Employees are paid using electronic funds transfer. ICT AND MANUFACTURING Many industries now use Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAM), eg. cars are manufactured by robot welders and paint sprayers, Benetton manufactures clothes more quickly using CAD-CAM. The quality of computer-manufactured articles is more consistent and better, leading to greater productivity and reliability. Working conditions are often cleaner and safer. There may be shorter working hours but this could mean more reduncancies or redeployment. Skilled workers have seen their skills made redundant by CAM. Companies must modernise to remain competative and viable; if non-viable then there may be even more job losses. Use of computers has created a range of new jobs; * hardware manufacture, * sales, * servicing, * technical support (call centres) * consultancy. New products manufactured due to computers; * mobile phones, * CDs and DVDs * videos * satellite receivers, * video cameras, * digital cameras ICT AND COMMERCE The number of banking transactions is now so huge they could not be carried out without computers: * electronic transfer of funds, * elctronic payroll * ATM transactions, * credit/debit card transactions * home banking. There is a movement towards the cashless society. Our shopping habits have changed due to ICT; * digital TV shopping channels, * internet shopping. Supermarkets offer loyalty cards to encourage customers to shop at their stores. All records are stored on computer and the store can gain useful demographic information. Computerised stock control using barcodes is used by many shops. Supermarkets have grown bigger at the expense of the corner shop. The use of phone cards has resulted in less theft from call boxes. Internet shopping is increasing and lead to the growth of internet only companies, eg. ebay.com, and internet only banks, eg. cahoot. Security is a problem for companies and the system is open to credit card fraud especially for services, eg. payment for a subscription-only service. Internet shopping has lead to companies closing their retail outlets and consequent loss of jobs, eg.

The Tony Ferguson Weight Management Diet

The Tony Ferguson Weight Management Diet: An Information Fact Sheet for Community Members Overview: The Tony Ferguson Diet is a weight loss and management diet, which is based on specialized shakes, soups, bars and muesli. The diet is advertised as low GI and low carbohydrate. The diet is designed to induce the individual into a state of ketosis, ‘Ketone bodies are produced mainly in the mitochondria of liver cells. Its synthesis occurs in response to low glucose levels in the blood, and after exhaustion of cellular carbohydrate stores, such as glycogen.The production of ketone bodies is then initiated to make available energy that is stored as fatty acids. ’ (Wikipedia, 2012). The individual is advised to consume 2 specialized meals per day along with two servings of fruit, 3 servings of vegetables and 2 servings of lean meat. Advice: Advice to the consumer is that of caution. The human body requires carbohydrates to survive. Many functions of the body require carbohydr ates to function effectively. The Tony Ferguson diet effectively induces the body into a mode of starvation, can develop into disease.Ketosis is the desired state of the Tony Ferguson diet, this is where ‘Ketone bodies provide an alternative fuel source during starvation, but when their production exceeds their use, they accumulate in the blood, causing ketosis, a condition that disturbs the body’s normal acid-base balance. ’ (Whitney et al, 2011). When the body is in a state of starvation and it is experiencing a lower than required amount of carbohydrates, ‘the body finds a way to use its fat to fuel the brain.It adapts by combining acetyl COA fragments derived from fatty acids to produce an alternative energy source, ketone bodies. ’ (Whitney et al, 2011). This state can change the normal pH of the blood. ‘This is ketosis, a sign that the body’s chemistry is going away’. (Whitney et al, 2011). The blood glucose of the human bod y is maintained by homeostasis and is extremely important for many of the body’s major functions. ‘When a person eats, blood glucose rises. High blood glucose stimulates the pancreas to release insulin.Insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose into cells and storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Insulin also stimulates the conversion of excess glucose into fat for storage. As the body’s cells use glucose, blood levels decline. Low blood glucose stimulates the pancreas to release glucagon into the bloodstream. Glucagon stimulates liver cells to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood. Blood glucose begins to rise. ’ (Whitney et al, 2011). Carbohydrates are essential for human nutrition and as such, this extreme diet may cause extremely adverse effects.It is recommended that a varied and nutritionally sound diet and exercise program be implemented and that extreme diets such as Tony Ferguson be implemented only as a last resort and alwa ys under medical advice. Reference List: Author Unknown, 2012, Wikipedia, Viewed: 11 April 2012, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ketogenesis. Whitney, E. Rolfes, S. Crowe, T. Cameron-Smith, D. Walsh, A. 2011, Understanding Nutrition, 1st Ed, Cengage Learning, Melbourne. Chosen Diet: http://us. tonyferguson. com/1448. aspx

Charles Hamilton Houston and Brown vs. Board essays

Charles Hamilton Houston and Brown vs. Board essays Charles Hamilton Houston and Brown vs. Board 1945-1970, a time for many, that marked the period known as the Civil Rights Movement. In reality, the Civil Rights Movement spanned from the time the first African American touched American soil as a slave. From that moment on, African Americans begin the struggle for equality and equal protection under the law, a struggle for the rights that are expressly granted to every citizen of the United States under the Constitution. The purpose of the movement was to rid the country of segregation and Jim Crow Laws, to offer African Americans an equal education as that of their Caucasian peers, and as stated before- grant African Americans the civil liberties that the forefathers of our country granted all Americans. The struggle was not easy, nor was it short, nor is it over. When one thinks of the Civil Rights Movement, Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. usually comes to mind. He is the most notable, but he is not the only man that made it his lifes mission to better the opportunities presented to African Americans. From The Montgomery Bus Boycott to the March on Washington, from sit-ins to non-violent protests, the road to equality was paved with blood sweat and tears of some of the most courageous men and women, both black and white, that have graced this earth. There were many who went unnoticed, but without their contributions many of the historical events and land marked cases would have taken longer to come about, if they came into existence at all. Among the many overlooked, is Charles Hamilton Houston. Houston paved the way for the landmark case Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. Without his great legal mind and strategy equal education would have been a long time in the making. Charles Hamilton Houston was born on September 3, 1895. The same year that the separate but equal doctrine came into existence after the ruling in the Plessy vs. Ferguson case w...

Forced, Reluctant, and Voluntary Migration

Forced, Reluctant, and Voluntary Migration Human migration is the permanent or semi-permanent relocation of people from one location to another. This movement may occur domestically or internationally and can affect economic structures, population densities, culture, and politics. People either are made to move involuntarily (forced), are put in situations that encourage relocation (reluctant), or choose to migrate (voluntary). Forced Migration Forced migration is a negative form of migration, often the result of persecution, development, or exploitation. The largest and most devastating forced migration in human history was the African slave trade, which carried 12 to 30 million Africans from their homes and transported them to various parts of North America, Latin America, and the Middle East. Those Africans were taken against their will and forced to relocate. The Trail of Tears is another pernicious example of forced migration. Following the Indian Removal Act of 1830, tens of thousands of Native Americans living in the Southeast were forced to migrate to parts of contemporary Oklahoma (Land of the Red People in Choctaw). Tribes traversed up to nine states on foot, with many dying along the way. Forced migration is not always violent. One of the largest involuntary migrations in history was caused by development. The construction of Chinas Three Gorges Dam displaced nearly 1.5 million people and put 13 cities, 140 towns, and 1,350 villages underwater. Although new housing was provided for those forced to move, many people were not compensated fairly. Some of the newly designated areas were also less ideal geographically, not foundationally secure, or lacked agriculturally productive soil. Reluctant Migration Reluctant migration is a form of migration in which individuals are not forced to move, but do so because of an unfavorable situation at their current location. The large wave of Cubans who legally and illegally immigrated to the United States following the 1959 Cuban revolution is considered a form of reluctant migration. Fearing a communist government and leader Fidel Castro, many Cubans sought asylum overseas. With the exception of Castros political opponents, most of the Cuban exiles were not forced to leave but decided it was in their best interest to do so. As of the 2010 census, over 1.7 million Cubans resided in the United States, with the majority living in Florida and New Jersey. Another form of reluctant migration involved the internal relocation of many Louisiana residents following  Hurricane Katrina. After the calamity caused by the hurricane, many people decided to either move farther from the coast or out of state. With their homes destroyed, the states economy in ruin, and sea levels continuing to rise, they reluctantly left. At the local level, a change in ethnic or socioeconomic conditions usually brought on by invasion-succession or gentrification can also cause individuals to reluctantly relocate. A white neighborhood that has turned predominately black or a poor neighborhood turned gentrified can have a personal, social, and economic impact on longtime residents. Voluntary Migration Voluntary migration is migration based on ones free will and initiative. People move for a variety of reasons, and it involves weighing options and choices. Individuals who are interested in moving often analyze the push and pull factors of two locations before making their decision. The strongest factors influencing people to voluntarily move are the desire to live in a better home and employment opportunities. Other factors contributing to voluntary migration include: Change in lifes course (getting married, empty-nest, retirement)Politics (from a conservative state to one that recognizes gay marriage, for example)Individual personality (suburban life to city life) Americans on the Move With their intricate transportation infrastructure and high per-capita income, Americans have become some of the most mobile people on earth. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2010 37.5 million people (or 12.5 percent of the population) changed residences. Of those, 69.3 percent stayed within the same county, 16.7 percent moved to a different county in the same state, and 11.5 percent moved to a different state. Unlike many underdeveloped countries where a family might live in the same home their entire lives, it is not uncommon for Americans to move multiple times within their life. Parents might choose to relocate to a better school district or neighborhood following the birth of a child. Many teenagers choose to leave for college in another area. Recent graduates go where their career is. Marriage might lead to the purchase of a new home, and retirement may take the couple elsewhere, yet again. When it comes to mobility by region, people in the Northeast were the least likely to move, with a move rate of just 8.3 percent in 2010. The Midwest had a move rate of 11.8 percent, the South- 13.6 percent, and the West - 14.7 percent. Principal cities within metropolitan areas experienced a population drop of 2.3 million people, while the suburbs experienced a net increase of 2.5 million. Young adults in their 20s are the most likely age group to move, while African Americans are the most likely race to move in America.

External reference pricing in pharmaceutical industry Essay

External reference pricing in pharmaceutical industry - Essay Example 2013). Under competition, marketers tend to consider the price of other competing product/ service whilst setting the new price and this strategy is called external reference pricing. According to Trivedi (2002), the idea behind this pricing strategy is that the price should not be too high or low to the competing products/ services. In the pharmaceutical industry, external reference pricing, is commonly applied in order for the government to tame the prices of pharmaceutical products that are protected by intellectual property rights and even enable the pharmaceutical companies to benefit from a created monopoly arising from the patented drugs. This present study seeks to investigate the flaws of external reference pricing strategy in the pharmaceutical industry from the point of view of PainCeptor Pharma in Canada, and it will seek to provide a recommendation to the Canadian government on whether to continue using this strategy or not in the pricing of pharmaceutical products. ... On the other hand, the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board (PMPRB) is an independent quasi-judicial body that was established by the Canadian parliament in 1987. Therefore, the board regulates the company’s pricing strategy and it recommends the prices for prescription and non-prescription drugs that are sold within the borders of Canada (Ruggeri and Nolte, 2013). One of the principles of pharmaceutical pricing in Canada by the PMPRB is that if a price is found to be excessive, the Board will call for a public hearing against the company and then order it to reduce its prices or offset some of the excess revenue earned (Ruggeri and Nolte, 2013). According to Ruggeri and Nolte (2013), the board applies external referencing pricing when a new drug is regarded as a major breakthrough, or there is a significant or moderate improvement on an already existing drug. In such scenarios, the board applies the median international price comparison test. This test considers the prices o f other related patented drugs that have the same dosage and strengths that are being sold in seven specific countries that include the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, Italy, France, and Switzerland. The median price calculated from these seven countries determines the maximum average potential price that the board will stipulate for the new or improved drug that has been manufactured by PainCeptor Pharma. If the drug is only in use in less than five countries, the international median price is calculated on an interim basis but it will be subject to a review after three years putting into consideration changes that have occurred on the consumer price index

Religion - Mysticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religion - Mysticism - Essay Example Understanding the relationship between human and their faiths is a vital aspect of understanding mysticism since it help understand the individual and the faith among other vital features of mysticism. Such an elusive introduction presents the relativity aspect of mysticism, which further presents scholars with more challenges. Spiritual beliefs vary in people. Christians believe in the existence of God alongside the numerous different doctrines of their churches, Muslims have similar structures and so are pagans among many other faiths throughout the world. Each of the numerous beliefs has a distinctive definition and application of mysticism in their attempt to develop a relationship with their faiths. The relativity of faiths introduces a concept of relativity in the study of mysticism as well. This complicates and may curtail the study of mysticism in most cases. In order to understand mysticism in a faith, a scholar must become conversant with the faith and understand the relationship an individual develops with their supernatural beings. The need to understand the traditional practices of individuals in order to understand the relative concept of mysticism makes the study more hectic to scholars. Traditions are cultural aspects of human life that helps explains the beliefs of an individual. Culture refers to non-genetic features of an individual most of which the individuals obtain from the society. Belief in a supernatural being is a vital aspect of culture that helps understand the mysticism. Different societies have their respective types of transformation and beliefs. Most traditional societies believed in the role of ancestral spirits in the transformational process. Such societies believed that the ancestors were intermediaries between them and the supernatural beings. The introduction of Christianity and Islam among other contemporary faiths